2. Soal + jawaban !
Jawaban :
1. Dalam analisis numerik, metode Newton (juga dikenal sebagai metode Newton-Raphson), yang mendapat nama dari Isaac Newton dan Joseph Raphson, merupakan metode yang paling dikenal untuk mencari hampiran terhadap akar fungsi riil.
Metode Newton sering konvergen dengan cepat, terutama bila iterasi dimulai "cukup dekat" dengan akar yang diinginkan. Namun bila iterasi dimulai jauh dari akar yang dicari, metode ini dapat meleset tanpa peringatan. Implementasi metode ini biasanya mendeteksi dan mengatasi kegagalan konvergensi.
Metode Newton sering konvergen dengan cepat, terutama bila iterasi dimulai "cukup dekat" dengan akar yang diinginkan. Namun bila iterasi dimulai jauh dari akar yang dicari, metode ini dapat meleset tanpa peringatan. Implementasi metode ini biasanya mendeteksi dan mengatasi kegagalan konvergensi.
Diketahui fungsi ƒ(x) dan turunannya ƒ '(x), kita memulai dengan tebakan pertama, x 0 . Hampiran yang lebih baik x 1 adalah
Contoh :
Tentukan akar dari persamaan 4x3 – 15x2 + 17x – 6 = 0 menggunakan Metode Newton Raphson. Penyelesaian :
f(x) = 4x3 – 15x2 + 17x – 6
f’(x) = 12x2 – 30x + 17
iterasi 1 :
ambil titik awal x0 = 3
f(3) = 4(3)3 – 15(3)2 + 17(3) – 6 = 18
f’(3) = 12(3)2 – 30(3) + 17 = 35
x1 = 3 – 18/35 = 2.48571
iterasi 2 :
f(2.48571) = 4(2.48571)3 – 15(2.48571)2 + 17(2.48571) – 6 = 5.01019
f’(2.48571) = 12(2.48571)2 – 30(2.48571) + 17 = 16.57388
x2 = 2.48571 – 5.01019/16.57388 = 2.18342
iterasi 3 :
f(2.18342) = 4(2.18342)3 – 15(2.18342)2 + 17(2.18342) – 6 = 1.24457
f’(2.18342) = 12(2.18342)2 – 30(2.18342) + 17 = 8.70527
x3 = 2.18342 – 1.24457/8.70527 = 2.04045
iterasi 4 :
f(2.04045) = 4(2.04045)3 – 15(2.04045)2 + 17(2.04045) – 6 = 0.21726
f’(2.04045) = 12(2.04045)2 – 30(2.04045) + 17 = 5.74778
x4 = 2.04045 – 0.21726/5.74778 = 2.00265
iterasi 5 :
f(3) = 4(2.00265)3 – 15(2.00265)2 + 17(2.00265) – 6 = 0.01334
f’(2.00265) = 12(2.00265)2 – 30(2.00265) + 17 = 5.04787
x5 = 2.00265 – 0.01334/5.04787 = 2.00001
iterasi 6 :
f(2.00001) = 4(2.00001)3 – 15(2.00001)2 + 17(2.00001) – 6 = 0.00006
f’(2.00001) = 12(2.00001)2 – 30(2.00001) + 17 = 5.00023
x6 = 2.00001 – 0.00006/5.00023 = 2.00000
iterasi 7 :
f(2) = 4(2)3 – 15(2)2 + 17(2) – 6 = 0
jika disajikan dalam tabel, maka seperti tabel dibawah ini.
karena pada iteasi ketujuh f(x6) = 0 maka akar dari persamaan tersebut adalah x = 2.
Atau contoh Soal 2 :
Hitung akar f(x)=e^x – 5x^2,
ε = 0.00001
x0 = 0.5
Penyelesaian
Sehingga iterasi Newton Raphson nya sebagai berikut:
Hasil setiap iterasi sebagai berikut:
Jadi, hampiran akarnya adalah x = 0.605267
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